Paclitaxel: White to off-white powder. Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

Padimate O: A light yellow, mobile liquid having a faint, aromatic odor. Practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in isopropyl alcohol, and in mineral oil; practically insoluble in glycerin and in propylene glycol.

Palmitic Acid: Hard, white or faintly yellow, somewhat glossy crystalline solid, or white or yellowish-white powder. It has a slight characteristic odor and taste. Soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in water.

Pancreatin: Cream-colored, amorphous powder, having a faint, characteristic, but not offensive odor. It hydrolyzes fats to glycerol and fatty acids, changes protein into proteoses and derived substances, and converts starch into dextrins and sugars. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action.

Pancrelipase: Cream-colored, amorphous powder, having a faint, characteristic, but not offensive odor. Pancrelipase hydrolyzes fats to glycerol and fatty acids, changes protein into proteoses and derived substances, and converts starch into dextrins and sugars. Its greatest activities are in neutral or faintly alkaline media; more than traces of mineral acids or large amounts of alkali hydroxides make it inert. An excess of alkali carbonate also inhibits its action.

Pancrelipase Capsules: The contents of Capsules conform to the Description under Pancrelipase, except that the odor may vary with the flavoring agent used.

Panthenol: White to creamy white, crystalline powder having a slight, characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in propylene glycol; soluble in chloroform and in ether; slightly soluble in glycerin.

Papain: White to light tan, amorphous powder. Soluble in water, the solution being colorless to light yellow and more or less opalescent; practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.

Papaverine Hydrochloride: White crystals or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste. Is optically inactive. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Melts at about 220, with decomposition. Soluble in water and in chloroform; slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether.

Parachlorophenol: White or pink crystals having a characteristic phenolic odor. When undiluted, it whitens and cauterizes the skin and mucous membranes. Melts at about 42. Sparingly soluble in water and in liquid petrolatum; very soluble in alcohol, in glycerin, in chloroform, in ether, and in fixed and volatile oils; soluble in petrolatum.

Paraffin: Colorless or white, more or less translucent mass showing a crystalline structure. Is odorless and tasteless, and is slightly greasy to the touch. Insoluble in water and in alcohol; freely soluble in chloroform, in ether, in volatile oils, and in most warm fixed oils; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol. NF category: Stiffening agent.

Synthetic Paraffin: Very hard, white, practically tasteless and odorless wax. Contains mostly long-chain, unbranched, saturated hydrocarbons, with a small amount of branched hydrocarbons. Is represented by the formula CnH2n2, in which n may range from 20 to about 100. The average molecular weight may range from 400 to 1400. Insoluble in water; very slightly soluble in aliphatic, oxygenated, and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents; slightly soluble in aromatic and normal paraffinic solvents. NF category: Stiffening agent.

Paraldehyde: Colorless, transparent liquid. Has a strong, characteristic but not unpleasant or pungent odor, and a disagreeable taste. Specific gravity is about 0.99. Soluble in water, but less soluble in boiling water. Miscible with alcohol, with chloroform, with ether, and with volatile oils.

Paramethasone Acetate: Fluffy, white to creamy white, odorless, crystalline powder. Melts at about 240, with decomposition. Insoluble in water; soluble in chloroform, in ether, and in methanol.

Paricalcitol: White to almost white powder. Soluble in alcohol; insoluble in water.

Paromomycin Sulfate: Creamy white to light yellow powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is very hygroscopic. Very soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.

Paroxetine Hydrochloride: White to off-white solid. Slightly soluble in water; soluble in methanol and in alcohol.

Peanut Oil: Colorless or pale yellow, oily liquid with a bland taste. May have a characteristic, nutty odor. Very slightly soluble in alcohol. Miscible with ether, with chloroform, and with carbon disulfide. NF category: Solvent; vehicle (oleaginous).

Pectin: Coarse or fine powder, yellowish-white in color, almost odorless, and having a mucilaginous taste. Almost completely soluble in 20 parts of water, forming a viscous, opalescent, colloidal solution that flows readily and is acid to litmus; practically insoluble in alcohol or in diluted alcohol and in other organic solvents. Pectin dissolves in water more readily if first moistened with alcohol, glycerin, or simple syrup, or if first mixed with 3 or more parts of sucrose. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Penbutolol Sulfate: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Melts at about 217, with decomposition. Soluble in water and in methanol.

Penicillamine: White or practically white, crystalline powder, having a slight, characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Penicillin G Benzathine: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Penicillin G Potassium: Colorless or white crystals, or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless or practically so, and is moderately hygroscopic. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Its solutions retain substantially full potency for several days at temperatures below 15, but are rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, by glycerin, and by oxidizing agents. Very soluble in water, in saline TS, and in dextrose solutions; sparingly soluble in alcohol.

Penicillin G Procaine: White crystals or white, very fine, microcrystalline powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is relatively stable in air. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Is rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, and by oxidizing agents. Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.

Penicillin G Sodium: Colorless or white crystals or white to slightly yellow, crystalline powder. Is odorless or practically odorless, and is moderately hygroscopic. Its solutions are dextrorotatory. Is relatively stable in air, but is inactivated by prolonged heating at about 100, especially in the presence of moisture. Its solutions lose potency fairly rapidly at room temperature, but retain substantially full potency for several days at temperatures below 15. Its solutions are rapidly inactivated by acids, by alkali hydroxides, by oxidizing agents, and by penicillinase.

Penicillin V: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in acetone; insoluble in fixed oils.

Penicillin V Benzathine: Practically white powder, having a characteristic odor. Very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol and in ether; sparingly soluble in chloroform.

Penicillin V Potassium: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Very soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in acetone.

Pentazocine: White or very pale, tan-colored powder. Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol, in acetone, and in ether; sparingly soluble in benzene and in ethyl acetate.

Pentazocine Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder. It exhibits polymorphism, one form melting at about 254 and the other at about 218. Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol; sparingly soluble in water; very slightly soluble in acetone and in ether; practically insoluble in benzene.

Pentetic Acid: White, odorless or almost odorless powder. Melts with foaming and degradation at 220.

Pentobarbital: White to practically white, fine, practically odorless powder. May occur in a polymorphic form that melts at about 116. This form gradually reverts to the more stable higher-melting form upon being heated at about 110. Very slightly soluble in water and in carbon tetrachloride; very soluble in alcohol, in methanol, in ether, in chloroform, and in acetone; soluble in benzene.

Pentobarbital Sodium: White, crystalline granules or white powder. Is odorless or has a slight characteristic odor, and has a slightly bitter taste. Its solutions decompose on standing, heat accelerating the decomposition. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether.

Pentoxifylline: White to almost white crystalline powder. Freely soluble in chloroform and in methanol; soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in ether.

Peppermint: Has an aromatic, characteristic odor and a pungent taste, and produces a cooling sensation in the mouth. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.

Peppermint Oil: Colorless or pale yellow liquid, having a strong, penetrating, characteristic odor and a pungent taste, followed by a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.

Peppermint Spirit: A clear, colorless liquid with a peppermint fragrance. Completely soluble in water; easily soluble in methanol and in diethyl ether. NF category: Flavors and perfumes.

Peppermint Water: NF category: Vehicle (flavored and/or sweetened).

Perflubron: Clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid.

Pergolide Mesylate: White to off-white powder. Sparingly soluble in methanol; slighly soluble in water, in dehydrated alcohol, and in chloroform; very slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in ether.

Perphenazine: White to creamy white, odorless powder. Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; soluble in acetone.

Pertussis Immune Globulin: Transparent or slightly opalescent liquid, practically colorless, free from turbidity or particles, and practically odorless. May develop a slight, granular deposit during storage. Is standardized for agglutinating activity with the U.S. Standard Antipertussis Serum.

Petrolatum: Unctuous yellowish to light amber mass, having not more than a slight fluorescence even after being melted. Is transparent in thin layers. Is free or practically free from odor and taste. Insoluble in water; freely soluble in benzene, in carbon disulfide, in chloroform, and in turpentine oil; soluble in ether, in solvent hexane, and in most fixed and volatile oils; practically insoluble in cold and hot alcohol and in cold dehydrated alcohol. NF category: Ointment base.

Hydrophilic Petrolatum: NF category: Ointment base.

White Petrolatum: White or faintly yellowish, unctuous mass, transparent in thin layers even after cooling to 0. Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in cold or hot alcohol, and in cold dehydrated alcohol; freely soluble in benzene, in carbon disulfide, and in chloroform; soluble in ether, in solvent hexane, and in most fixed and volatile oils. NF category: Ointment base.

Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride: Light or dark red to dark violet, crystalline powder. Is odorless, or has a slight odor. Melts at about 235, with decomposition. Slightly soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform.

Phendimetrazine Tartrate: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in warm alcohol; insoluble in chloroform, in acetone, in ether, and in benzene. Phendimetrazine base is extracted by organic solvents from alkaline solution.

Phenelzine Sulfate: White to yellowish white powder, having a characteristic odor. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.

Pheniramine Maleate: White, crystalline powder having a faint amine-like odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol.

Phenmetrazine Hydrochloride: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.

Phenobarbital: White, odorless, glistening, small crystals, or white, crystalline powder, which may exhibit polymorphism. Is stable in air. Its saturated solution has a pH of about 5. Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides and carbonates; sparingly soluble in chloroform.

Phenobarbital Sodium: Flaky crystals, or white, crystalline granules, or white powder. Is odorless, has a bitter taste, and is hygroscopic. Its solutions are alkaline to phenolphthalein TS, and decompose on standing. Very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Phenol: Colorless to light pink, interlaced or separate, needle-shaped crystals, or white to light pink, crystalline mass. Has a characteristic odor. Is liquefied by warming and by the addition of 10% of water. Boils at about 182, and its vapor is flammable. Gradually darkens on exposure to light and air. Soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, in glycerin, in chloroform, in ether, and in fixed and volatile oils; sparingly soluble in mineral oil. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Liquefied Phenol: Colorless to pink liquid, which may develop a red tint upon exposure to air or light. Has a characteristic, somewhat aromatic odor. It whitens and cauterizes the skin and mucous membranes. Specific gravity is about 1.065. Miscible with alcohol, with ether, and with glycerin. A mixture of equal volumes of Liquefied Phenol and glycerin is miscible with water.

Camphorated Phenol Topical Gel: Clear, colorless, oily gel.

Phenolsulfonphthalein: A bright-red to dark-red, crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol.

Phenoxyethanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with acetone, with alcohol, and with glycerol; slightly soluble in peanut oil and in olive oil. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Phensuximide: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Is odorless, or has not more than a slight odor. Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol.

Phentermine Hydrochloride: White, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Soluble in water and in the lower alcohols; slightly soluble in chloroform; insoluble in ether.

Phentolamine Mesylate: White or off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus, having a pH of about 5, and slowly deteriorate. Melts at about 178. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform.

Phenylalanine: White, odorless crystals, having a slightly bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water; very slightly soluble in methanol, in alcohol, and in dilute mineral acids.

Phenylbenzimidazole Sulfonic Acid: White to ivory-colored, odorless powder. Soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in oily solvents and in water. Its salts are freely soluble in water.

Phenylbutazone: White to off-white, odorless, crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in acetone and in ether; soluble in alcohol.

Phenylephrine Bitartrate: White or almost white powder or colorless crystals. Freely soluble in water.

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride: White or practically white, odorless crystals, having a bitter taste. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Nasal Solution: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow, odorless liquid. Is neutral or acid to litmus.

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow liquid, depending on the concentration.

Phenylethyl Alcohol: Colorless liquid, having a rose-like odor and a sharp, burning taste. Sparingly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol, in fixed oils, in glycerin, and in propylene glycol; slightly soluble in mineral oil. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Phenylmercuric Acetate: White to creamy white, crystalline powder, or small white prisms or leaflets. Is odorless. Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and in acetone. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Phenylmercuric Nitrate: White, crystalline powder. Is affected by light. Its saturated solution is acid to litmus. Very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol and in glycerin. It is more soluble in the presence of either nitric acid or alkali hydroxides. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Phenylpropanolamine Bitartrate: White, crystalline powder.

Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder, having a slight aromatic odor. Is affected by light. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether.

Phenyltoloxamine Citrate: White, crystalline powder. Very soluble in boiling water; slightly soluble in cold water and in alcohol; practically insoluble in cold acetone, in ethyl ether, and in toluene.

Phenytoin: White, odorless powder. Melts at about 295. Practically insoluble in water; soluble in hot alcohol; slightly soluble in cold alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.

Phenytoin Sodium: White, odorless powder. Is somewhat hygroscopic and on exposure to air gradually absorbs carbon dioxide. Freely soluble in water, the solution usually being somewhat turbid due to partial hydrolysis and absorption of carbon dioxide; soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Sodium Phosphate P 32 Solution: Clear, colorless solution. Upon standing, both the Solution and the glass container may darken as a result of the effects of the radiation.

Phosphoric Acid: Colorless, odorless liquid of syrupy consistency. Specific gravity is about 1.71. Miscible with water and with alcohol. NF category: Acidifying agent; buffering agent.

Diluted Phosphoric Acid: Clear, colorless, odorless liquid. Specific gravity is about 1.057. NF category: Acidifying agent.

Physostigmine: White, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals. Melts at a temperature not lower than 103. Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in chloroform and in dichloromethane; freely soluble in alcohol; soluble in benzene and in fixed oils.

Physostigmine Salicylate: White, shining, odorless crystals or white powder. Acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals for long periods. Melts at about 184. Sparingly soluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in ether.

Physostigmine Sulfate: White, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Is deliquescent in moist air and acquires a red tint when exposed to heat, light, air, or contact with traces of metals for long periods. Melts at about 143. Freely soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol; very slightly soluble in ether.

Phytonadione: Clear, yellow to amber, very viscous, odorless or practically odorless liquid, having a specific gravity of about 0.967. Is stable in air, but decomposes on exposure to sunlight. Insoluble in water; soluble in dehydrated alcohol, in benzene, in chloroform, in ether, and in vegetable oils; slightly soluble in alcohol.

Pilocarpine: A viscous, oily liquid, or crystals melting at about 34. Exceedingly hygroscopic. Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in petroleum ether; sparingly soluble in ether and in benzene.

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride: Colorless, translucent, odorless, faintly bitter crystals. Is hygroscopic and is affected by light. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; insoluble in ether.

Pilocarpine Nitrate: Shining, white crystals. Is stable in air but is affected by light. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Pimozide: White, crystalline powder. Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ether and in alcohol; freely soluble in chloroform.

Pindolol: White to off-white, crystalline powder, having a faint odor. Practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in methanol; very slightly soluble in chloroform.

Piperacillin: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Very slightly soluble in water; very soluble in methanol; sparingly soluble in isopropyl alcohol; slightly soluble in ethyl acetate.

Piperacillin Sodium: White to off-white solid. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol.

Piperazine: White to slightly off-white lumps or flakes, having an ammoniacal odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether.

Piperazine Adipate: White crystalline powder. Melts at about 150, with decomposition. Solube in water; sparingly soluble in methanol; practically insoluble in dehydrated alcohol, in dioxane, and in isopropyl alcohol.

Piperazine Citrate: White, crystalline powder, having not more than a slight odor. Its solution (1 in 10) has a pH of about 5. Soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol and in ether.

Piroxicam: Off-white to light tan or light yellow, odorless powder. Forms a monohydrate that is yellow. Very slightly soluble in water, in dilute acids, and in most organic solvents; slightly soluble in alcohol and in aqueous alkaline solutions.

Plantago Seed: All varieties are practically odorless and have a bland, mucilaginous taste.

Plicamycin: Yellow, odorless, hygroscopic, crystalline powder. Slightly soluble in water and in methanol; very slightly soluble in alcohol; freely soluble in ethyl acetate.

Podophyllum: Has a slight odor and a disagreeably bitter and acrid taste.

Podophyllum Resin: Amorphous powder, varying in color from light brown to greenish yellow, turning darker when subjected to a temperature exceeding 25 or when exposed to light. Has a slight, peculiar, faintly bitter taste. Its alcohol solution is acid to moistened litmus paper. Soluble in alcohol with a slight opalescence; partially soluble in ether and in chloroform.

Polacrilin Potassium: White to off-white, free-flowing powder. Has a faint odor or is odorless. Insoluble in water and in most liquids. NF category: Tablet disintegrant.

Poliovirus Vaccine Inactivated: Clear, reddish-tinged or yellowish liquid, that may have a slight odor because of the preservative.

Poloxalene: Colorless or pale yellow liquid. Soluble in water, in chloroform, and in ethylene dichloride.

Poloxamer: NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polycarbophil: White to creamy white granules, having a characteristic, ester-like odor. Swells in water to a range of volumes, depending primarily on the pH. Insoluble in water, in dilute acids, in dilute alkalies, and in common organic solvents.

Polyethylene Glycol: Polyethylene Glycol is usually designated by a number that corresponds approximately to its average molecular weight. As the average molecular weight increases, the water solubility, vapor pressure, hygroscopicity, and solubility in organic solvents decrease, while congealing temperature, specific gravity, flash point, and viscosity increase. Liquid grades occur as clear to slightly hazy, colorless or practically colorless, slightly hygroscopic, viscous liquids, having a slight, characteristic odor, and a specific gravity at 25 of about 1.12. Solid grades occur as practically odorless and tasteless, white, waxy, plastic material having a consistency similar to beeswax, or as creamy white flakes, beads, or powders. The accompanying table states the approximate congealing temperatures that are characteristic of commonly available grades. Liquid grades are miscible with water; solid grades are freely soluble in water; and all are soluble in acetone, in alcohol, in chloroform, in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, in ethyl acetate, and in toluene; all are insoluble in ether and in hexane. NF category: Coating agent; plasticizer; solvent; suppository base; tablet and/or capsule lubricant.

Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether: Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether is usually designated by a number that corresponds approximately to its average molecular weight. As the average molecular weight increases, the water solubility, vapor pressure, hygroscopicity, and solubility in organic solvents decrease, while congealing temperature, specific gravity, flash point, and viscosity increase. Liquid grades occur as clear to slightly hazy, colorless or practically colorless, slightly hygroscopic, viscous liquids, having a slight, characteristic odor, and a specific gravity at 25 of about 1.09 – 1.10. Solid grades occur as practically odorless and tasteless, white, waxy, plastic material having a consistency similar to beeswax, or as creamy white flakes, beads, or powders. The accompanying table states the approximate congealing temperatures that are characteristic of commonly available grades. Liquid grades are miscible with water; solid grades are freely soluble in water; and all are soluble in acetone, in alcohol, in chloroform, in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, in ethyl acetate, and in toluene; all are insoluble in ether and in hexane. NF category: Ointment base; solvent; plasticizer.

Polyethylene Oxide: Polyethylene oxide resins are high molecular weight polymers having the common structure: in which n, the degree of polymerization, varies from about 2000 to over 100,000. Polyethylene oxide, being a polyether, strongly hydrogen, bonds with water. It is nonionic and undergoes salting-out effects associated with neutral molecules in solutions of high dielectric media. Salting-out effects manifest themselves in depressing the upper temperature limit of solubility, and in reducing the viscosity of both dilute and concentrated solutions of the polymers. All molecular weight grades are powdered or granular solids. They are soluble in water but, because of the high solution viscosities obtained (see table), solutions over 1% in water may be difficult to prepare. The water solubility, hygroscopicity, solubility in organic solvents, and melting point do not vary in the specified molecular weight range. At room temperature polyethylene oxide is miscible with water in all proportions. At concentrations of about 20% polymer in water, the solutions are nontacky, reversible, elastic gels. At higher concentrations, the solutions are tough, elastic materials with the water acting as a plasticizer. Polyethylene oxide is also freely soluble in acetonitrile, in ethylene dichloride, in trichloroethylene, and in methylene chloride. Heating may be required to obtain solutions in many other organic solvents. It is insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons, in ethylene glycol, in diethylene glycol, and in glycerol. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent; tablet binder.

Polyethylene 50 Stearate: NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyisobutylene: Low molecular-weight grades are soft and gummy; high molecular-weight grades are tough and elastic. All grades are light in color, odorless, and tasteless. Soluble in diisobutylene, in toluene, and in chloroform; insoluble in water.

Polymyxin B Sulfate: White to buff-colored powder. Is odorless or has a faint odor. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol.

Polyoxyl Lauryl Ether: A material with 3–5 oxyethylene units per molecule is a colorless liquid. Soluble or dispersible in alcohol; practically insoluble in water and in hexane. A material with 9–23 oxyethylene units per molecule is a white, waxy mass. Soluble or dispersible in water; soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in hexane. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl Oleate: A slightly yellowish, viscous liquid. Dispersible in water and in oils; soluble in alcohol and in isopropyl alcohol; miscible with fatty oils and with waxes. Its refractive index is about 1.466.

Polyoxyl 10 Oleyl Ether: White, soft semisolid, or pale yellow liquid, having a bland odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol; dispersible in mineral oil and in propylene glycol, with possible separation on standing. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether: Cream-colored, waxy, unctuous mass, melting, when heated, to a clear brownish-yellow liquid. Soluble in water, in alcohol, and in acetone; insoluble in solvent hexane. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl 35 Castor Oil: Yellow, oily liquid, having a faint, characteristic odor and a somewhat bitter taste. Very soluble in water, producing a practically odorless and colorless solution; soluble in alcohol and in ethyl acetate; insoluble in mineral oils. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil: White to yellowish paste or pasty liquid, having a faint odor and a slight taste. Very soluble in water, producing a practically tasteless, odorless, and colorless solution; soluble in alcohol and in ethyl acetate; insoluble in mineral oils. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl 40 Stearate: Waxy, white to light tan solid. Is odorless or has a faint, fat-like odor. Soluble in water, in alcohol, in ether, and in acetone; insoluble in mineral oil and in vegetable oils. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether: A white to yellowish-white, waxy, unctuous mass, pellets, microbeads, or flakes. Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether with 2 oxyethylene units per molecule is practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, with heating, and in methylene chloride. Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether with 10 oxyethylene units per molecule is soluble in water and in alcohol. Polyoxyl Stearyl Ether with 20 oxethylene units per molecule is soluble in water, in alcohol, and in methylene chloride. After melting, it solidifies at about 45.

Polysorbate 20: Lemon to amber liquid having a faint characteristic odor. Soluble in water, in alcohol, in ethyl acetate, in methanol, and in dioxane; insoluble in mineral oil. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polysorbate 40: Yellow liquid having a faint, characteristic odor. Soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in mineral oil and in vegetable oils. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polysorbate 60: Lemon- to orange-colored, oily liquid or semi-gel having a faint, characteristic odor. Soluble in water, in ethyl acetate, and in toluene; insoluble in mineral oil and in vegetable oils. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant;wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polysorbate 80: Lemon- to amber-colored, oily liquid having a faint, characteristic odor and a warm, somewhat bitter taste. Very soluble in water, producing an odorless and practically colorless solution; soluble in alcohol and in ethyl acetate; insoluble in mineral oil. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent; tablet and/or capsule lubricant; wetting and/or solubilizing agent.

Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate: Free-flowing white powder. May have a slight odor of acetic acid. Insoluble in water, in methylene chloride, and in chloroform; soluble in methanol and in alcohol. NF category: Coating agent.

Polyvinyl Alcohol: White to cream-colored granules, or white to cream-colored powder. Is odorless. Freely soluble in water at room temperature. Solution may be effected more rapidly at somewhat higher temperatures. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Sulfurated Potash: Irregular, liver-brown pieces when freshly made, changing to a greenish yellow. Has an odor of hydrogen sulfide and a bitter, acrid, and alkaline taste, and decomposes on exposure to air. A solution (1 in 10) is light brown in color and is alkaline to litmus. Freely soluble in water, usually leaving a slight residue. Alcohol dissolves only the sulfides.

Potassium Acetate: Colorless, monoclinic crystals or white, crystalline powder having a saline and slightly alkaline taste. Is odorless, or has a faint acetous odor. Deliquesces on exposure to moist air. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

Potassium Benzoate: White, odorless, or practically odorless, granular or crystalline powder. Is stable in air. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol and somewhat more soluble in 90% alcohol. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Potassium Bicarbonate: Colorless, transparent, monoclinic prisms or as a white, granular powder. Is odorless, and is stable in air. Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to phenolphthalein TS. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol.

Potassium Bitartrate: Colorless or slightly opaque crystals, or white, crystalline powder. A saturated solution is acid to litmus. Soluble in boiling water; slightly soluble in water; very slightly soluble in alcohol.

Potassium Chloride: Colorless, elongated, prismatic, or cubical crystals, or white, granular powder. Is odorless, has a saline taste, and is stable in air. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. Freely soluble in water and even more soluble in boiling water; insoluble in alcohol. NF category: Tonicity agent.

Potassium Citrate: Transparent crystals or white, granular powder. Is odorless, has a cooling, saline taste, and is deliquescent when exposed to moist air. Freely soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol. NF category: Buffering agent.

Potassium Gluconate: White to yellowish-white, crystalline powder or granules. Is odorless, has a slightly bitter taste, and is stable in air. Its solutions are slightly alkaline to litmus. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in dehydrated alcohol, in ether, in benzene, and in chloroform.

Potassium Hydroxide: White or practically white, fused masses, or small pellets, or flakes, or sticks, or other forms. Is hard and brittle and shows a crystalline fracture. Exposed to air, it rapidly absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture, and deliquesces. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in glycerin; very soluble in boiling alcohol. NF category: Alkalizing agent.

Potassium Iodide: Hexahedral crystals, either transparent and colorless or somewhat opaque and white, or a white, granular powder. Is slightly hygroscopic. Its solutions are neutral or alkaline to litmus. Very soluble in water and even more soluble in boiling water; freely soluble in glycerin; soluble in alcohol.

Potassium Iodide Oral Solution: Clear, colorless, odorless liquid, having a characteristic, strongly salty taste. Is neutral or alkaline to litmus. Specific gravity is about 1.70.

Potassium Metabisulfite: White or colorless, free-flowing crystals, crystalline powder, or granules, usually having an odor of sulfur dioxide. Gradually oxidizes in air to the sulfate. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol. NF category: Antioxidant.

Potassium Metaphosphate: White, odorless powder. Insoluble in water; soluble in dilute solutions of sodium salts. NF category: Buffering agent.

Potassium Nitrate: White, crystalline powder or colorless crystals. Freely soluble in water; very soluble in boiling water; soluble in glycerin; practically insoluble in alcohol.

Potassium Permanganate: Dark purple crystals, almost opaque by transmitted light and of a blue metallic luster by reflected light. Its color is sometimes modified by a dark bronze-like appearance. Is stable in air. Soluble in water; freely soluble in boiling water.

Dibasic Potassium Phosphate: Colorless or white, somewhat hygroscopic, granular powder. The pH of a solution (1 in 20) is about 8.5 to 9.6. Freely soluble in water; very slightly soluble in alcohol. NF category: Buffering agent.

Monobasic Potassium Phosphate: Colorless crystals or white, granular or crystalline powder. Is odorless, and is stable in air. The pH of a solution (1 in 100) is about 4.5. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol. NF category: Buffering agent.

Potassium Sodium Tartrate: Colorless crystals or white, crystalline powder, having a cooling, saline taste. As it effloresces slightly in warm, dry air, the crystals are often coated with a white powder. Freely soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol.

Potassium Sorbate: White crystals or powder, having a characteristic odor. Melts at about 270, with decomposition. Freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Povidone: White to slightly creamy white powder. Is hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water, in methanol, and in alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in ether. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent; tablet binder.

Povidone-Iodine: Yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, amorphous powder, having a slight, characteristic odor. Its solution is acid to litmus. Soluble in water and in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform, in carbon tetrachloride, in ether, in solvent hexane, and in acetone.

Povidone-Iodine Topical Aerosol Solution: The liquid obtained from Povidone-Iodine Topical Aerosol Solution is transparent, having a reddish brown color.

Pralidoxime Chloride: White to pale-yellow, crystalline powder. Is odorless and is stable in air. Freely soluble in water.

Pramoxine Hydrochloride: White to practically white, crystalline powder, having a numbing taste. May have a slight aromatic odor. The pH of a solution (1 in 100) is about 4.5. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; soluble in chloroform; very slightly soluble in ether.

Praziquantel: White or practically white, crystalline powder; odorless or having a faint characteristic odor. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform.

Prazosin Hydrochloride: White to tan powder. Slightly soluble in water, in methanol, in dimethylformamide, and in dimethylacetamide; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in acetone.

Prednisolone: White to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. Melts at about 235, with some decomposition (see Melting Range or Temperature 741). Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in methanol and in dioxane; sparingly soluble in acetone and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform.

Prednisolone Acetate: White to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. Melts at about 235, with some decomposition (see Melting Range or Temperature 741). Practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in acetone, in alcohol, and in chloroform.

Prednisolone Hemisuccinate: Fine, creamy white powder with friable lumps; practically odorless. Melts at about 205, with decomposition. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; soluble in acetone.

Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate: White or slightly yellow, friable granules or powder. Is odorless or has a slight odor. Is slightly hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water; soluble in methanol; slightly soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; very slightly soluble in acetone and in dioxane.

Prednisolone Sodium Succinate for Injection: Creamy white powder with friable lumps, having a slight odor.

Prednisolone Tebutate: White to slightly yellow, free-flowing powder, which may show some soft lumps. Is odorless or has not more than a moderate, characteristic odor. Is hygroscopic. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform and in dioxane; soluble in acetone; sparingly soluble in alcohol and in methanol.

Prednisone: White to practically white, odorless, crystalline powder. Melts at about 230, with some decomposition (see Melting Range or Temperature 741). Very slightly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol, in chloroform, in dioxane, and in methanol.

Prilocaine: White or almost white powder or crystal aggregates. Very soluble in alcohol and in acetone; slightly soluble in water.

Prilocaine Hydrochloride: White, odorless, crystalline powder, having a bitter taste. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; very slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in ether.

Primaquine Phosphate: Orange-red, crystalline powder. Is odorless and has a bitter taste. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Melts at about 200. Soluble in water; insoluble in chloroform and in ether.

Primidone: White, crystalline powder. Is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste. Very slightly soluble in water and in most organic solvents; slightly soluble in alcohol.

Probucol: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Insoluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform and in n-propyl alcohol; soluble in alcohol and in solvent hexane.

Probenecid: White or practically white, fine, crystalline powder. Is practically odorless. Practically insoluble in water and in dilute acids; soluble in dilute alkali, in chloroform, in alcohol, and in acetone.

Procainamide Hydrochloride: White to tan, crystalline powder. Is odorless. Its solution (1 in 10) has a pH between 5 and 6.5. Very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; very slightly soluble in benzene and in ether.

Procainamide Hydrochloride Injection: Colorless, or having not more than a slight yellow color.

Procaine Hydrochloride: Small, white crystals or white, crystalline powder. Is odorless. Exhibits local anesthetic properties when placed on the tongue. Freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; practically insoluble in ether.

Procaine Hydrochloride Injection: Clear, colorless liquid.

Prochlorperazine: Clear, pale yellow, viscous liquid. Is sensitive to light. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in ether.

Prochlorperazine Edisylate: White to very light yellow, odorless, crystalline powder. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Freely soluble in water; very slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether and in chloroform.

Prochlorperazine Maleate: White or pale yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder. Its saturated solution is acid to litmus. Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol; slightly soluble in warm chloroform.

Procyclidine Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder, having a moderate, characteristic odor. Melts at about 225, with decomposition. Soluble in water and in alcohol; insoluble in ether and in acetone.

Progesterone: White or creamy white, odorless, crystalline powder. Is stable in air. Practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in acetone, and in dioxane; sparingly soluble in vegetable oils.

Proline: White, odorless crystals, having a slightly sweet taste. Freely soluble in water and in absolute alcohol; insoluble in ether, in butanol, and in isopropanol.

Promazine Hydrochloride: White to slightly yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder. It oxidizes upon prolonged exposure to air and acquires a blue or pink color. Freely soluble in water and in chloroform.

Promethazine Hydrochloride: White to faint yellow, practically odorless, crystalline powder. Slowly oxidizes, and acquires a blue color, on prolonged exposure to air. Freely soluble in water, in hot dehydrated alcohol, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in ether, in acetone, and in ethyl acetate.

Propafenone Hydrochloride: White powder. Soluble in methanol and in hot water; slightly soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; very slightly soluble in acetone; insoluble in diethyl ether and in toluene.

Propane: Colorless, flammable gas (boiling temperature is about 42). One hundred volumes of water dissolves 6.5 volumes at 17.8 and 753 mm pressure; 100 volumes of anhydrous alcohol dissolves 790 volumes at 16.6 and 754 mm pressure; 100 volumes of ether dissolves 926 volumes at 16.6 and 757 mm pressure; 100 volumes of chloroform dissolves 1299 volumes at 21.6 and 757 mm pressure. Vapor pressure at 21 is about 10290 mm of mercury (108 psig). NF category: Aerosol propellant.

Propantheline Bromide: White or practically white crystals. Is odorless and has a bitter taste. Melts at about 160, with decomposition. Very soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in ether and in benzene.

Proparacaine Hydrochloride: White to off-white, or faintly buff-colored, odorless, crystalline powder. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. Soluble in water, in warm alcohol, and in methanol; insoluble in ether and in benzene.

Proparacaine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution: Colorless or faint yellow solution.

Propionic Acid: Oily liquid having a slight pungent, rancid odor. Miscible with water and with alcohol and various other organic solvents. NF category: Acidifying agent.

Propofol: Clear, colorless to slightly yellowish liquid. Very soluble in methanol and in ethanol; slightly soluble in cyclohexane and in isopropyl alcohol; very slightly soluble in water.

Propoxycaine Hydrochloride: White, odorless, crystalline solid, which discolors on prolonged exposure to light and air. The pH of a solution (1 in 50) is about 5.4. Freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol; sparingly soluble in ether; practically insoluble in acetone and in chloroform.

Propoxyphene Hydrochloride: White, crystalline powder. Is odorless, and has a bitter taste. Freely soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in chloroform, and in acetone; practically insoluble in benzene and in ether.

Propoxyphene Napsylate: White powder, having essentially no odor, but having a bitter taste. Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in methanol, in alcohol, in chloroform, and in acetone.

Propranolol Hydrochloride: White to off-white, crystalline powder. Is odorless and has a bitter taste. Melts at about 164. Soluble in water and in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; practically insoluble in ether.

Propyl Gallate: White, crystalline powder having a very slight, characteristic odor. Slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol. NF category: Antioxidant.

Propylene Glycol: Clear, colorless, viscous liquid having a slight, characteristic taste. Is practically odorless. Absorbs moisture when exposed to moist air. Miscible with water, with acetone, and with chloroform. Soluble in ether and will dissolve many essential oils, but is immiscible with fixed oils. NF category: Humectant; plasticizer; solvent.

Propylene Glycol Alginate: White to yellowish fibrous or granular powder. Practically odorless and tasteless. Soluble in water, in solutions of dilute organic acids, and, depending on the degree of esterification, in hydroalcoholic mixture containing up to 60% by weight of alcohol to form stable, viscous colloidal solutions at a pH of 3. NF category: Suspending and/or viscosity-increasing agent.

Propylene Glycol Monostearate: White, wax-like solid or as white, wax-like beads or flakes. Has a slight, agreeable, fatty odor and taste. Insoluble in water, but may be dispersed in hot water with the aid of a small amount of soap or other suitable surface-active agent; soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, mineral or fixed oils, benzene, ether, and acetone. NF category: Emulsifying and/or solubilizing agent.

Propylhexedrine: Clear, colorless liquid, having a characteristic, amine-like odor. Volatilizes slowly at room temperature. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, and its solutions are alkaline to litmus. Boils at about 205. Very slightly soluble in water. Miscible with alcohol, with chloroform, and with ether.

Propyliodone: White or almost white, crystalline powder. Is odorless or has a faint odor. Practically insoluble in water; soluble in acetone, in alcohol, and in ether.

Propylparaben: Small, colorless crystals or white powder. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in ether; slightly soluble in boiling water. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Propylparaben Sodium: White powder. Is odorless and hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in fixed oils. NF category: Antimicrobial preservative.

Propylthiouracil: White, powdery, crystalline substance. Is starch-like in appearance and to the touch, and has a bitter taste. Slightly soluble in water; sparingly soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform and in ether; soluble in ammonium hydroxide and in alkali hydroxides.

Protamine Sulfate Injection: Colorless solution, which may have the odor of a preservative.

Protamine Sulfate for Injection: White, odorless powder, having the characteristic appearance of solids dried from the frozen state.

Protein Hydrolysate Injection: Yellowish to reddish-amber, transparent liquid.

Protriptyline Hydrochloride: White to yellowish powder. Is odorless, or has not more than a slight odor. Melts at about 168. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform; practically insoluble in ether.

Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride: Fine, white to off-white crystals or powder, having a faint characteristic odor. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform.

Pseudoephedrine Sulfate: White crystals or crystalline powder. Is odorless. Freely soluble in alcohol.

Pumice: Very light, hard, rough, porous, grayish masses or gritty, grayish powder. Is odorless and tasteless, and is stable in air. Practically insoluble in water; is not attacked by acids.

Pyrantel Pamoate: Yellow to tan solid. Practically insoluble in water and in methanol; soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide; slightly soluble in dimethylformamide.

Pyrazinamide: White to practically white, odorless or practically odorless, crystalline powder. Sparingly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol, in ether, and in chloroform.

Pyrethrum Extract: Pale yellow liquid having a bland, flowery odor. Insoluble in water; soluble in mineral oil and in most organic solvents. Pyrethrins I denotes the group containing pyrethrin 1, cinerin 1, and jasmolin 1; Pyrethrins II denotes the group containing pyrethrin 2, cinerin 2, and jasmolin 2.

Pyridostigmine Bromide: White or practically white, crystalline powder, having an agreeable, characteristic odor. Is hygroscopic. Freely soluble in water, in alcohol, and in chloroform; slightly soluble in solvent hexane; practically insoluble in ether.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: White to practically white crystals or crystalline powder. Is stable in air, and is slowly affected by sunlight. Its solutions have a pH of about 3. Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.

Pyrilamine Maleate: White, crystalline powder, usually having a faint odor. Its solutions are acid to litmus. Very soluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol and in chloroform; slightly soluble in ether and in benzene.

Pyrimethamine: White, odorless, crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water; slightly soluble in acetone, in alcohol, and in chloroform.

Pyrvinium Pamoate: Bright orange or orange-red to practically black, crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water and in ether; freely soluble in glacial acetic acid; slightly soluble in chloroform and in methoxyethanol; very slightly soluble in methanol.

Pyrvinium Pamoate Oral Suspension: Dark red, opaque suspension of essentially very fine, amorphous particles or aggregates, usually less than 10 µm in size. Larger particles, some of which may be crystals, up to 100 µm in size also may be present.